The former player: 'I really wanted to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racial discrimination in rugby union brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what happened," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on competing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022